Fixed-Point DSP
Q formats, saturation versus wrapping, accumulator headroom and the coefficient quantisation that moves a filter's poles after the design is finished.
Interactive lab
This page is a live simulation rather than a written lesson: enable JavaScript to use its controls, visualizations, and code traces. The written lessons for this subject are linked below.
More in DSP
- Cameras 0 → 100Complete camera engineering from optics, CMOS pixels, exposure and RAW formats through MIPI CSI-2, UVC, machine-vision interfaces, ISP/DSP, DMA, V4L2, debugging, code and interview preparation.
- Cost on Real HardwareWhy DSP is hard on embedded targets: the cycle budget, MACs per sample for FIR, IIR and FFT, and the evolution from software multiply to single-cycle MAC to SIMD that made expensive filters routine.
- Windows & LeakageWhy a measured spectrum is smeared: periodic extension, coherent sampling, and what every window trades between main-lobe width, sidelobe height and scalloping loss.
- DFTInteractive DFT simulator: frequency sampling of discrete signals, spectral leakage, windowing, and time-frequency bin relationships.
- FFTInteractive FFT lab for real-time embedded audio. Explore radix-2 algorithm, butterfly operations, and computational complexity for spectrum analysis.
- MultirateDecimation, interpolation and polyphase: why the anti-alias filter comes first, where a folded frequency lands, and how to change rate for a fraction of the multiplies.
- FIRInteractive FIR filter designer using the windowing method: impulse response, magnitude/phase response, and linear phase property.
- Fourier TransformInteractive Fourier transform simulator for continuous-time signals: time-frequency duality, sinc functions, and convolution theorem.
- Z-TransformInteractive Z-Transform lab for embedded engineers. Visualize pole-zero plots, region of convergence, and transfer functions for discrete-time systems.
- IIRIIR filter design lab: Butterworth and Chebyshev types, pole-zero stability, and frequency response with feedback. Interactive simulator.
- ModulationInteractive modulation simulator for embedded communications. Explore AM, FM, and QAM schemes, visualize carrier waves, and analyze modulated spectra.
- ConvolutionThe operation a filter actually performs: sliding weighted sums, why an impulse response is a complete description, group delay, and why block processing needs overlap.