Digital Electronics

Interactive lab

This page is a live simulation rather than a written lesson: enable JavaScript to use its controls, visualizations, and code traces. The written lessons for this subject are linked below.

More in Digital Electronics

• Combinational BlocksEvery combinational building block in one place: multiplexers and demultiplexers, encoders and priority encoders, decoders and address decoding, and the arithmetic circuits from half adder through carry-lookahead. Each with a live explorer and the propagation-delay cost that decides which one you use.
• Sequential DesignStorage and state: latches against flip-flops, the D/T/JK families and how they convert, counters and clock dividers, shift registers and serial conversion, and the Moore/Mealy state machine encodings, with a live stepper for each.
• Timing, Hazards & MetastabilityWhat breaks when logic meets a clock: setup and hold windows, propagation delay and clock skew, static and dynamic hazards, metastability and the synchroniser chain, switch debouncing, and arbitration between requesters that can collide.
• Boolean Algebra & GatesBoolean algebra, the gate set it maps onto, and Karnaugh-map minimisation: the identities that let an expression be rewritten, why NAND and NOR are functionally complete, how a truth table becomes a minimal sum of products, and where don't-care terms come from in real designs.
• Logic Levels & InterfacingThe electrical contract under the logic: threshold voltages and noise margins across TTL, CMOS and LVCMOS families, level shifting and open-drain interfacing, fan-out and drive strength, and where dynamic and static power actually goes.